Кущ Д. С.^{1, 2}, Горбань Н. А.³, Сетдикова Г. Р.¹

¹ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»; Россия, 129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2;

²ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)» Минздрава России; Россия, 117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1;

³Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; Россия, 249036 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4

1. Mouabbi J.A., Hassan A., Lim B. et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma: an understudied emergent subtype of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022;193(2):253–64. DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06572-w

2. Pestalozzi B.C., Zahrieh D., Mallon E. et al. Distinct clinical and prognostic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: combined results of 15 International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(18):3006–14. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9336

3. Zhang M., Deng H., Hu R. et al. Patterns and prognostic implications of distant metastasis in breast cancer based on SEER population data. Sci Rep 2025;15:26717. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-12883-x

4. Yu B., Yan L., Wang H. et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: metastatic patterns and treatment modalities – a review. Front Oncol 2025;15:1631670. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1631670

5. Aktas A., Gurleyik M.G., Akkus D. et al. Invasive lobular breast carcinoma variants; clinicopathological features and patient outcomes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2025;212(2):347–59. DOI: 10.1007/s10549-025-07729-z

6. Yuan M., Yin Y., Chu Z., Yan J. Investigation of risk factors and development and validation of a nomogram for predicting overall survival in breast-invasive lobular carcinoma. Breast Care (Basel) 2025;20(2):118–31. DOI: 10.1159/000543865

7. WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol 2. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2019.

8. Iorfida M., Maiorano E., Orvieto E. et al. Invasive lobular breast cancer: subtypes and outcome. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;133(2):713–23. DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2002-z

9. Nasrazadani A., Li Y., Fang Y. et al. Mixed invasive ductal lobular carcinoma is clinically and pathologically more similar to invasive lobular than ductal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023;128(6):1030–9. DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02131-8

10. Schackmann R.C., van Amersfoort M., Haarhuis J.H. et al. Cytosolic p120-catenin regulates growth of metastatic lobular carcinoma through Rock1-mediated anoikis resistance. J Clin Invest 2011;121(8):3176–88. DOI: 10.1172/JCI41695

11. Zengel B., Çavdar D., Özdemir Ö. et al. Gastrointestinal tract metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical survey algorithm. Eur J Breast Health 2022;18(4):375–80. DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2022.2022-1-5

12. Kioleoglou Z., Georgaki E., Koufopoulos N. et al. Gastrointestinal metastases from lobular breast carcinoma: a literature review. Cureus 2024;16(7):e65852. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65852

13. Van Bekkum S., Menke-Pluijmers M.B.E., Westenend P.J. Gastric metastasis of breast cancer: a frequent mimicker of primary gastric cancer in breast cancer patients. JGH Open 2022;6:804–8. DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12824

14. Тертычный А.С., Селиванова Л.С., Бирг Т.М. и др. Метастатическое поражение слизистой оболочки желудочно-кишечного тракта. Онкопатология 2018;1(2):31–8. DOI: 10.17650/2618-7019-2018-1-2-31-38 Tertychny A.S., Selivanova L.S., Birg T.M. et al. Metastatic lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Onkopatologiya = Oncopathology 2018;1(2):31–8. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/2618-7019-2018-1-2-31-38

15. Ayeni A., Elemile P., Nwadiokwu J. et al. Atypical presentation of breast cancer metastasis to the bowel: a case report. Cureus 2024;16(2):e53896. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53896

16. Tang J., Zhao G.X., Deng S.S., Xu M. Rare common bile duct metastasis of breast cancer: a case report and literature review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021;13(2):147–56. DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i2.147

17. Вербовский А.Н., Сетдикова Г.Р., Семенков А.В. и др. Роль хирургического лечения при вторичных опухолях поджелудочной железы. Клиническая и экспериментальная хирургия 2024;12(2):32–40. DOI: 10.33029/2308-1198-2024-12-2-32-40 Verbovskiy A.N., Setdikova G.R., Semenkov A.V. et al. The role of surgical treatment for secondary pancreatic tumors. Klinicheskaya i eksperimental’naya khirurgiya = Clinical and Experimental Surgery 2024;12(2):32–40. DOI: 10.33029/2308-1198-2024-12-2-32-40

18. Rossi C., Gallotti A., Messina A. et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma metastasis to pancreas mimicking pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2024;253:155049. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155049

19. Tot T. The role of cytokeratins 20 and 7 and estrogen receptor analysis in separation of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. APMIS 2000;108(6):467–72. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-84.x

20. Koufopoulos N.I., Pouliakis A., Samaras M.G. et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma metastasis to the female genital tract: a systematic search and review of case reports and case series. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025;15(18):2356. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15182356

21. Perrotin F., Marret H., Bouquin R. et al. Incidence, diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian metastasis in breast cancer. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2001;29:308–15. DOI: 10.1016/S1297-9589(01)00131-X

22. Antila R., Jalkanen J., Heikinheimo O. Comparison of secondary and primary ovarian malignancies reveals differences in their preand perioperative characteristics. Gynecol Oncol 2006;101:97–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.09.046

23. Bruls J., Simons M., Overbeek L.I. et al. A national populationbased study provides insight in the origin of malignancies metastatic to the ovary. Virchows Arch 2015;467:79–86. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1771-2

24. Lim L., Wang T.Y., Lam H.B., Chang C.L. Massive metastasis of breast cancer to female genital organs. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021;60(3):563–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.03.033

25. Pérez-Montiel D., Serrano-Olvera A., Salazar L.C. et al. Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix: a case series. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012;38:541–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01747.x

26. Yan Y., Guo T., Zhang M., Cui G. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: a case report. Open Life Sci 2023;18:20220623. DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0623

27. Gandhi A.K., Roy S., Mridha A.R., Sharma D.N. Vulvar metastasis from carcinoma breast unveiling distant metastasis: exploring an unusual metastatic pattern. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2015;27:243–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2015.05.005

28. Luczyńska E., Pawlik T., Chwalibóg A. et al. Metastatic breast cancer to the bladder case report and review of literature. J Radiol Case Rep 2010;4(5):19–26. DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v4i5.395

29. Wang G., Zhou C., Conklin C. et al. Metastatic breast carcinoma to the urinary bladder – a report of 11 cases including a tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Virchows Arch 2019;474(3):333–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-02515-3

30. Jibiki N., Shimizu Y., Hashimoto K. et al. A case of retroperitoneal metastasis of breast cancer with effective insertion of plural stents. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho 2018;45(13):2220–2. (In Japanese). PMID: 30692337.

31. López-Martínez R.A., Stock J.A., Gump F.E., Rosen J.S. Carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the ureter presenting with flank pain and recurrent urinary tract infection. Am Surg 1996;62(9):748–52. PMID: 8751767.

32. Yousef Y.A., Mohammad M., Khalil H. et al. Ocular and periocular metastasis in breast cancer: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2024;16(8):1518. DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081518

33. Barbera G., Favero V., Lobbia G., Nocini R. Orbital metastasis or idiopathic orbital pseudotumor? A case report from a patient previously diagnosed with primary breast cancer. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024;120:109845. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109845

34. Lu X., Kang Y. Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2007;12:153–62. DOI: 10.1007/s10911-007-9047-3

35. Liu Y., Cao X. Characteristics and significance of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2016;30:668–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.09.011

36. Chen W., Hoffmann A.D., Liu H., Liu X. Organotropism: new insights into molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018;2(1):4. DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0047-0